1
00:00:22,434 --> 00:00:28,182
Unit 6. Velotype.
Element 3. Typing skills.

2
00:00:32,846 --> 00:00:34,980
How to practice on Velotype

3
00:00:34,980 --> 00:00:39,072
and Most accurate
and rapid speech to text rate.

4
00:00:40,821 --> 00:00:42,966
This video lecture explains

5
00:00:42,966 --> 00:00:45,474
how to practice
on the Velotype keyboard

6
00:00:45,474 --> 00:00:47,982
for written and spoken text

7
00:00:47,982 --> 00:00:52,932
in order to reach the Most accurate
and rapid speech to text rate.

8
00:00:52,932 --> 00:00:56,793
Firstly we will look at
how to practice written text

9
00:00:56,793 --> 00:01:01,875
then spoken text and how to improve
your spelling and grammar.

10
00:01:03,393 --> 00:01:05,208
This is the agenda.

11
00:01:05,208 --> 00:01:09,234
We will first look at practicing
written text with Velotype.

12
00:01:09,234 --> 00:01:12,666
Then we will look
at practicing spoken text.

13
00:01:12,666 --> 00:01:16,956
Followed by tips and tricks
to improve spelling and grammar.

14
00:01:16,956 --> 00:01:19,398
And in the end the summary.

15
00:01:20,784 --> 00:01:22,929
Practicing written text

16
00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:27,780
Practicing typing written text
is a good support

17
00:01:27,780 --> 00:01:31,476
for typing spoken text
and visa versa.

18
00:01:31,476 --> 00:01:36,624
Also when copying text you need
to copy all the text that is written.

19
00:01:36,624 --> 00:01:42,168
And you have complete control
over how quickly you want to type.

20
00:01:42,168 --> 00:01:45,303
It is important to use good texts

21
00:01:45,303 --> 00:01:48,405
in the language you are practicing
on Velotype

22
00:01:48,405 --> 00:01:50,946
in order to increase your speed.

23
00:01:50,946 --> 00:01:56,325
Nowadays a lot of digital texts
can be found online.

24
00:01:56,325 --> 00:02:01,671
At first you should concentrate
on typing texts which are simple.

25
00:02:01,671 --> 00:02:05,268
That way you don’t have
to concentrate so much

26
00:02:05,268 --> 00:02:10,647
on difficult sentence constructions
or the spelling of difficult words.

27
00:02:10,647 --> 00:02:14,178
And you can improve
your Velotype combinations

28
00:02:14,178 --> 00:02:16,884
and splitting up of words correctly.

29
00:02:16,884 --> 00:02:21,735
For example you could search
for (free) eBooks for children.

30
00:02:21,735 --> 00:02:27,411
After that, you could search
for texts or books that interest you.

31
00:02:27,411 --> 00:02:32,196
If you would use a book that
you would normally also enjoy reading

32
00:02:32,196 --> 00:02:36,024
this could be more motivating
to practice your speed.

33
00:02:36,024 --> 00:02:41,073
And finally, you can search for texts
that contain specific topics.

34
00:02:41,073 --> 00:02:47,013
Like news, economics, politics,
medicine, law.

35
00:02:47,013 --> 00:02:50,511
In your work as professional
intralingual subtitler

36
00:02:50,511 --> 00:02:53,514
you will come across
many different topics.

37
00:02:53,514 --> 00:02:58,563
So it is good to have a very broad
knowledge of spelling of words.

38
00:02:58,563 --> 00:03:02,160
Besides this, you can see
what is best for you.

39
00:03:02,160 --> 00:03:05,625
Either to use digital text
on your computer

40
00:03:05,625 --> 00:03:07,737
or a second computer.

41
00:03:07,737 --> 00:03:11,466
Or if you prefer to have
a hardcopy of the text.

42
00:03:11,466 --> 00:03:15,492
But as always,
try to keep track of the progress.

43
00:03:15,517 --> 00:03:18,128
So write down what you practiced

44
00:03:18,128 --> 00:03:21,729
how long, and the improvement
of your speed.

45
00:03:21,729 --> 00:03:26,679
A good source for finding online texts
is the Gutenberg Project

46
00:03:26,679 --> 00:03:30,705
www.gutenberg.org

47
00:03:33,972 --> 00:03:37,701
When practicing the written text,
certainly in the beginning

48
00:03:37,701 --> 00:03:41,760
it is good to practice
until you get it right the first time.

49
00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:44,961
Analyse yourself when you are typing

50
00:03:44,961 --> 00:03:49,515
and feel if some words are difficult
to get it right the first time

51
00:03:49,515 --> 00:03:53,640
or if you always make a mistake
with certain words.

52
00:03:53,640 --> 00:03:58,425
You can decide you only want
to continue to a next sentence

53
00:03:58,425 --> 00:04:02,055
if you are able to type the sentence
without mistakes

54
00:04:02,055 --> 00:04:05,322
and without having to correct yourself.

55
00:04:05,322 --> 00:04:09,876
Again, don’t look at your hands
when you are typing.

56
00:04:09,876 --> 00:04:12,780
Best is to only look at the text

57
00:04:12,780 --> 00:04:17,730
and if you think you made a mistake,
look at the result on the computer.

58
00:04:17,730 --> 00:04:22,680
It is also important that you get
a feeling when you make mistakes

59
00:04:22,680 --> 00:04:25,383
without having to watch the result.

60
00:04:25,383 --> 00:04:28,917
When you make a mistake,
it is not very useful

61
00:04:28,917 --> 00:04:32,349
to repeating that one word
several times.

62
00:04:32,349 --> 00:04:37,004
It is better to finish the sentence
and start over again.

63
00:04:37,004 --> 00:04:40,764
And you should concentrate
on your place in the text.

64
00:04:40,764 --> 00:04:43,008
When you are doing a speed test

65
00:04:43,008 --> 00:04:46,638
and you look back and forth
from your text to the result

66
00:04:46,638 --> 00:04:49,839
you will often lose the place
where you were.

67
00:04:49,839 --> 00:04:54,657
It is good to stay focused on your text
and only look at the result

68
00:04:54,657 --> 00:04:56,924
when you think you made a mistake.

69
00:04:59,508 --> 00:05:01,620
When you practice written text

70
00:05:01,620 --> 00:05:07,725
you can use a metronome to filter out
the difficult words or problem words.

71
00:05:07,725 --> 00:05:11,025
Which you can then try to improve.

72
00:05:11,025 --> 00:05:14,853
First you set the metronome
at a certain speed.

73
00:05:14,853 --> 00:05:17,988
For example 1 tick every second.

74
00:05:17,988 --> 00:05:22,905
Then you press one stroke
with every tick of the metronome.

75
00:05:22,905 --> 00:05:27,624
It is important that even
with easy and simple key strokes

76
00:05:27,624 --> 00:05:30,495
you stay in the same rhythm!

77
00:05:30,495 --> 00:05:35,511
That way you feel exactly which strokes
are still difficult to type

78
00:05:35,511 --> 00:05:37,821
and which ones are easier.

79
00:05:37,821 --> 00:05:42,474
When you feel a stroke is too difficult
to type in the same speed

80
00:05:42,474 --> 00:05:46,236
write this one down
on a separate piece of paper.

81
00:05:46,236 --> 00:05:50,856
Later on, you can focus
on those more difficult words

82
00:05:50,856 --> 00:05:53,859
and go over this list a number of times

83
00:05:53,859 --> 00:05:58,809
so it will be easier for you
to type them quickly next time.

84
00:06:01,220 --> 00:06:03,528
Practicing spoken text

85
00:06:05,117 --> 00:06:08,940
As a first step of listening
to spoken audio

86
00:06:08,940 --> 00:06:13,296
it is important to use
very easy and slow texts.

87
00:06:13,296 --> 00:06:17,949
That way you can fully concentrate
on the typing on the keyboard

88
00:06:17,949 --> 00:06:21,513
and not having to worry
about the difficulty of words

89
00:06:21,513 --> 00:06:24,978
or having to remember sentences.

90
00:06:24,978 --> 00:06:31,875
Since there might not be so many
very slow dictations of texts online

91
00:06:31,875 --> 00:06:34,317
you could ask a colleague or friend

92
00:06:34,317 --> 00:06:37,650
to dictate text to you
at a very slow speed.

93
00:06:37,650 --> 00:06:43,029
Or of course, you could make
recordings yourself.

94
00:06:43,029 --> 00:06:46,989
If you want to record audio
at a certain reading speed

95
00:06:46,989 --> 00:06:52,665
you can do this by using marks
after a number of words each time.

96
00:06:52,665 --> 00:06:57,483
For example, if you would mark
every 5th word in a sentence

97
00:06:57,483 --> 00:07:01,443
and read those 5 words in 10 seconds

98
00:07:01,443 --> 00:07:05,139
you will have a reading speed
of 30 words per minute

99
00:07:05,139 --> 00:07:12,564
which in English is around 30 times 5
is 150 characters per minute.

100
00:07:12,564 --> 00:07:15,897
If you are practicing
in a group of students

101
00:07:15,897 --> 00:07:20,088
you can share the load
and make recordings for each other.

102
00:07:22,629 --> 00:07:26,325
A next step would be
to find online audio

103
00:07:26,325 --> 00:07:31,044
which is more difficult
or read at higher speed.

104
00:07:31,044 --> 00:07:35,103
You could browse the internet
for (free) audiobooks.

105
00:07:35,103 --> 00:07:37,380
It would be good
if you would have

106
00:07:37,380 --> 00:07:40,086
the written version
of that audio as well.

107
00:07:40,086 --> 00:07:44,178
That way you could compare
the results with the actual text.

108
00:07:44,178 --> 00:07:49,062
On the webpage of Intersteno
the world championship of typing

109
00:07:49,062 --> 00:07:54,474
you have an archive of texts and audio
recordings in the different languages

110
00:07:54,474 --> 00:07:56,982
with which you can practice.

111
00:07:56,982 --> 00:08:02,526
The link is: www.intersteno.org

112
00:08:02,526 --> 00:08:06,288
There is also a repository from SCIC

113
00:08:06,288 --> 00:08:09,060
which is the Department
for interpretation

114
00:08:09,060 --> 00:08:11,040
of the European Commission.

115
00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:20,247
The link is: webgate.ec.europa.eu/sr/

116
00:08:23,811 --> 00:08:25,411
Spelling and grammar

117
00:08:27,009 --> 00:08:30,114
Here are some tips
for improving your spelling.

118
00:08:30,114 --> 00:08:33,744
Even though these tips are aimed
at the English language

119
00:08:33,744 --> 00:08:37,209
the tips can also be applied
to other languages.

120
00:08:37,209 --> 00:08:39,486
Use a good dictionary.

121
00:08:39,486 --> 00:08:44,766
Though memory aids are useful
for memorizing difficult-to-spell words

122
00:08:44,766 --> 00:08:48,495
good spellers never rely solely
on memory.

123
00:08:48,495 --> 00:08:53,214
They depend on a reliable,
up-to-date dictionary.

124
00:08:53,214 --> 00:08:57,240
Be consistent about British
or American spelling.

125
00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,837
The key is to remain consistent
in your choices

126
00:09:00,837 --> 00:09:03,180
throughout a single document.

127
00:09:03,180 --> 00:09:08,493
Always check certain ‘troublesome’
suffixes in your dictionary.

128
00:09:08,493 --> 00:09:12,849
Some English suffixes
confound even the best spellers.

129
00:09:12,849 --> 00:09:16,842
Make it a habit always to check
these types of words

130
00:09:16,842 --> 00:09:20,340
when you are editing
or proofreading your work.

131
00:09:20,340 --> 00:09:23,772
Create your own
'difficult-to-spell' lists.

132
00:09:23,772 --> 00:09:27,666
Many writers and editors
keep a list of words

133
00:09:27,666 --> 00:09:30,603
that they find difficult
to spell correctly

134
00:09:30,603 --> 00:09:33,606
on or near their computer
while they work.

135
00:09:33,606 --> 00:09:38,028
If you notice that you routinely
misspell certain words

136
00:09:38,028 --> 00:09:40,767
consider learning from your mistakes

137
00:09:40,767 --> 00:09:44,892
by creating your own personal
'difficult words' list.

138
00:09:44,892 --> 00:09:50,304
Keeping this list close at hand
as you write will save you time

139
00:09:50,304 --> 00:09:55,023
and probably eliminate many
of your common spelling errors.

140
00:09:55,023 --> 00:10:00,336
Learn the standard pronunciations
for frequently misspelled words.

141
00:10:00,336 --> 00:10:02,514
Some common misspellings

142
00:10:02,514 --> 00:10:06,408
derive not from difficult
combinations of letters

143
00:10:06,408 --> 00:10:11,655
but from pronunciations
that do not reflect the word’s spelling.

144
00:10:11,655 --> 00:10:16,077
Watch out for homophones,
near-homophones

145
00:10:16,077 --> 00:10:19,014
and other easily confusable words.

146
00:10:19,014 --> 00:10:23,799
Many English words have identical
or similar pronunciations

147
00:10:23,799 --> 00:10:25,845
but different spellings.

148
00:10:25,845 --> 00:10:29,640
Using the wrong word of a homophone pair

149
00:10:29,640 --> 00:10:33,930
is one of the most common
spelling pitfalls for all writers.

150
00:10:33,930 --> 00:10:38,352
Learn to check these types
of commonly misspelled words carefully

151
00:10:38,352 --> 00:10:40,959
during your proofreading.

152
00:10:40,959 --> 00:10:45,183
Use your computer spellchecker,
but with caution.

153
00:10:45,183 --> 00:10:49,506
A spellchecker can be your first
proofreading tool for spelling

154
00:10:49,506 --> 00:10:52,542
as it will catch any combinations
of letters

155
00:10:52,542 --> 00:10:55,479
that do not form a known English word.

156
00:10:55,479 --> 00:10:59,769
But you should never rely exclusively
on your spellchecker

157
00:10:59,769 --> 00:11:03,234
because it will miss many
incorrectly spelled words

158
00:11:03,234 --> 00:11:05,808
that form another English word.

159
00:11:05,808 --> 00:11:14,454
a spellchecker will not record who’s
as a misspelling of whose, for example.

160
00:11:16,665 --> 00:11:20,328
Become familiar
with English spelling rules

161
00:11:20,328 --> 00:11:22,605
Contrary to common perception

162
00:11:22,605 --> 00:11:26,631
English spelling does often
follow certain rules.

163
00:11:26,631 --> 00:11:28,908
Becoming aware of these rules

164
00:11:28,908 --> 00:11:32,406
can help you avoid some
common spelling errors.

165
00:11:32,406 --> 00:11:35,541
Many writing handbooks
and style guides

166
00:11:35,541 --> 00:11:39,468
contain a complete list
of spelling rules.

167
00:11:39,468 --> 00:11:42,570
Below are four of the most helpful.

168
00:11:42,570 --> 00:11:49,236
Rule 1: i before e except after c
or when sounded like /ay/

169
00:11:49,236 --> 00:11:51,777
as in neighbour or weigh.

170
00:11:51,777 --> 00:11:56,034
This simple rhyme helps explain
the difference

171
00:11:56,034 --> 00:11:59,136
between the spellings of believe
(i before e)

172
00:11:59,136 --> 00:12:02,370
and receive (except after c).

173
00:12:02,370 --> 00:12:06,132
In general,
when the long /e/ sound (ee)

174
00:12:06,132 --> 00:12:10,752
is spelled with the letters i and e,
the order is ie

175
00:12:10,752 --> 00:12:14,349
shield, field, fiend.

176
00:12:14,349 --> 00:12:19,299
Common exceptions are
leisure, seizure, and weird.

177
00:12:19,299 --> 00:12:24,612
When the letters i and e are used
in words with a long /a/ sound

178
00:12:24,612 --> 00:12:32,235
they are usually spelled ei:
sleigh, feint, heinous.

179
00:12:32,235 --> 00:12:36,393
When the sound is neither long /e/
nor long /a/

180
00:12:36,393 --> 00:12:43,257
the spelling is usually ei:
their, seismic, foreign.

181
00:12:43,257 --> 00:12:49,329
Some exceptions to this rule are
friend, sieve, and mischief.

182
00:12:49,329 --> 00:12:54,246
Rule 2:  When adding suffixes
that begin with a vowel

183
00:12:54,246 --> 00:13:01,143
(-able, –ible, –ous, etc.) to words
ending in silent e, drop the final e.

184
00:13:01,143 --> 00:13:04,872
This rule explains why
a word like desire

185
00:13:04,872 --> 00:13:09,855
contains an e and a word
like desirable does not.

186
00:13:09,855 --> 00:13:15,300
Other examples include
response → responsible

187
00:13:15,300 --> 00:13:20,481
continue → continuous,
argue → arguing.

188
00:13:20,481 --> 00:13:27,477
We do, however, retain the final e
when a word ends in –ce or –ge

189
00:13:27,477 --> 00:13:29,292
in order to maintain

190
00:13:29,292 --> 00:13:33,351
the distinctive 'soft' pronunciation
of those consonants:

191
00:13:33,351 --> 00:13:39,093
notice → noticeable,
courage → courageous

192
00:13:39,093 --> 00:13:42,228
advantage → advantageous.

193
00:13:42,228 --> 00:13:44,901
For reasons of pronunciation

194
00:13:44,901 --> 00:13:49,488
the final e is also retained in words
ending in a double e

195
00:13:49,488 --> 00:13:54,207
e.g. agree → agreeable,
flee → fleeing.

196
00:13:54,207 --> 00:14:01,566
Rule 3: When adding suffixes to words
ending in y, change the y to an i.

197
00:14:01,566 --> 00:14:07,836
This rule explains the spelling shift
that occurs in the following word pairs:

198
00:14:07,836 --> 00:14:14,205
happy → happier, plenty → plentiful,
body → bodily.

199
00:14:14,205 --> 00:14:20,013
As English spelling does not generally
allow an i to follow another i

200
00:14:20,013 --> 00:14:24,930
the y is retained when the suffix
itself begins with an i:

201
00:14:24,930 --> 00:14:29,583
carry → carrying, baby → babyish.

202
00:14:29,583 --> 00:14:35,919
Rule 4: When adding suffixes,
double the final consonant of a word

203
00:14:35,919 --> 00:14:39,714
only if any of the following
conditions apply.

204
00:14:39,714 --> 00:14:46,149
The final consonant is preceded
by a single vowel: bar → barred.

205
00:14:46,149 --> 00:14:50,406
When there is more than one vowel
before the final consonant

206
00:14:50,406 --> 00:14:54,960
the consonant is not doubled:
fail → failed.

207
00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:59,646
When the final consonant is preceded
by another consonant

208
00:14:59,646 --> 00:15:04,629
the consonant is not doubled:
bark → barking.

209
00:15:04,629 --> 00:15:10,734
The word has only one syllable
or has the stress on the last syllable:

210
00:15:10,734 --> 00:15:17,235
fit → fitted, commit → committed,
prefer → preferred.

211
00:15:17,235 --> 00:15:20,403
For words with more than one syllable

212
00:15:20,403 --> 00:15:23,637
where the stress does not fall
on the last syllable

213
00:15:23,637 --> 00:15:30,798
the final consonant is not doubled:
benefit → benefited, offer → offered.

214
00:15:30,798 --> 00:15:35,187
The suffix begins with a vowel:
prefer → preferred.

215
00:15:35,187 --> 00:15:40,038
But if the syllable stress changes
because of the addition of the suffix

216
00:15:40,038 --> 00:15:45,582
then the consonant is not doubled:
prefer → preference.

217
00:15:45,582 --> 00:15:49,047
Final consonants are also not doubled

218
00:15:49,047 --> 00:15:54,459
if the suffix begins with a consonant:
prefer → preferment.

219
00:15:54,459 --> 00:15:58,452
If the word ends in l or p

220
00:15:58,452 --> 00:16:02,907
then the consonant is usually
doubled in Canadian spelling

221
00:16:02,907 --> 00:16:07,362
travel → travelled;
worship → worshipped.

222
00:16:07,362 --> 00:16:12,279
Note: American spelling
does not follow this rule.

223
00:16:14,249 --> 00:16:18,219
Grammar is a subject
that stresses many students out

224
00:16:18,219 --> 00:16:21,684
as it can be quite confusing
and complicated.

225
00:16:21,684 --> 00:16:26,964
However, correct grammar is important
for your writing and success

226
00:16:26,964 --> 00:16:30,462
both as a student
and as a future employee.

227
00:16:30,462 --> 00:16:37,062
It is thus crucial to know some simple
methods to improve your grammar skills.

228
00:16:37,062 --> 00:16:40,395
Here are seven basic tips to try!

229
00:16:40,395 --> 00:16:44,091
Even though these tips are aimed
at the English language

230
00:16:44,091 --> 00:16:47,754
the tips can also be applied
to other languages.

231
00:16:47,754 --> 00:16:55,410
Read. Reading may be the number one way
you can improve your grammar skills.

232
00:16:55,410 --> 00:16:59,799
When you read, you reinforce
correct grammar in your mind.

233
00:16:59,799 --> 00:17:03,726
It can be particularly helpful
to read out loud

234
00:17:03,726 --> 00:17:07,983
as the combination of seeing,
saying, and hearing

235
00:17:07,983 --> 00:17:11,679
assists in solidifying
what you have learned.

236
00:17:11,679 --> 00:17:13,824
Get a grammar manual.

237
00:17:13,824 --> 00:17:18,147
It is useful to have a thorough
reference book nearby

238
00:17:18,147 --> 00:17:20,985
that you can consult when writing.

239
00:17:20,985 --> 00:17:25,143
This way,
any time a grammatical question arises

240
00:17:25,143 --> 00:17:30,192
you can quickly refer to the manual
to obtain the answer.

241
00:17:30,192 --> 00:17:32,568
Review the basics.

242
00:17:32,568 --> 00:17:36,594
While classes in English linguistics
and writing

243
00:17:36,594 --> 00:17:39,399
may not be something
you are interested in

244
00:17:39,399 --> 00:17:42,105
it is vital to spend a bit of time

245
00:17:42,105 --> 00:17:45,867
learning or reviewing
the basic principles.

246
00:17:45,867 --> 00:17:49,431
Do some research
on the basic parts of speech

247
00:17:49,431 --> 00:17:54,150
as well as on the common
grammatical errors people tend to make.

248
00:17:54,150 --> 00:18:01,278
Practice. There are many excellent
resources, both online and in print

249
00:18:01,278 --> 00:18:05,205
conducive to improving
your grammar skills.

250
00:18:05,205 --> 00:18:10,485
A quick Internet search will reveal
a multitude of websites

251
00:18:10,485 --> 00:18:14,049
that offer grammar games
and exercises.

252
00:18:14,049 --> 00:18:18,042
If you know that grammar
is an area you struggle with

253
00:18:18,042 --> 00:18:23,817
set aside a few minutes each day
to complete grammar exercises.

254
00:18:23,817 --> 00:18:26,061
Listen to others.

255
00:18:26,061 --> 00:18:32,595
When instructors, writing lab staff,
or writing tutors give you feedback

256
00:18:32,595 --> 00:18:34,113
listen to them!

257
00:18:34,113 --> 00:18:40,350
Find out if you have a consistent issue
with any topics in particular.

258
00:18:40,350 --> 00:18:43,122
Proofread, out loud.

259
00:18:43,122 --> 00:18:48,798
Sometimes when we re-read pieces
we have written

260
00:18:48,798 --> 00:18:52,428
our brain fills in the gaps
of missing information.

261
00:18:52,428 --> 00:18:57,411
We do not always catch our own mistakes
when we proofread.

262
00:18:57,411 --> 00:19:02,493
Reading what you have written out loud,
preferably to someone else

263
00:19:02,493 --> 00:19:06,354
is an efficient way to evaluate
whether or not

264
00:19:06,354 --> 00:19:08,895
you have used correct grammar.

265
00:19:08,895 --> 00:19:14,505
Write. Just as it helps
to read a great deal

266
00:19:14,505 --> 00:19:17,343
it will also benefit you to write more.

267
00:19:17,343 --> 00:19:21,303
The more you practice writing
with proper grammar

268
00:19:21,303 --> 00:19:24,933
the more naturally it will come to you.

269
00:19:24,933 --> 00:19:28,068
So the more you practice
on your Velotype keyboard

270
00:19:28,068 --> 00:19:31,467
the better you will get
pat spelling and grammar!

271
00:19:34,206 --> 00:19:35,625
The summary.

272
00:19:37,242 --> 00:19:41,466
In this combined LO, 
tips and tricks were given

273
00:19:41,466 --> 00:19:46,449
how to practice your typing skills 
for written text, for audio.

274
00:19:46,449 --> 00:19:50,277
And how to improve your spelling 
and grammar skills.